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Banking Essentials - Part I

This pathway will walk us through the basics of banks, starting with some of the different types and their main functions, then starting to look at the regulation faced by the banks, both before and after the Global Financial Crisis.

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Greenwashing is the act of distributing false information about something being more environmentally friendly than it actually is.

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Tackling the Cost of Living Crisis

In this video, Max discusses the cost-of-living crisis currently enveloping the UK. He examines its impact on households as well as the overall economy.

CSR and Sustainability in Financial Services

In the first video of this two-part video series, Elisa introduces us to sustainability. She begins by looking at the difference between sustainability and corporate social responsibility, two terms that can be easily confused.

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Equity Options Vega and Implied Volatility

Equity Options Vega and Implied Volatility

Imran Lakha

20 years: Equity derivatives trading

In this video, Imran explains the meaning of implied volatility and how we can use the BS model to extract it from market option prices. He further discusses how vega is the greek exposure that an options price has to this implied volatility level and finishes with describing structure of volatility and how it can be used to derive forward volatility.

In this video, Imran explains the meaning of implied volatility and how we can use the BS model to extract it from market option prices. He further discusses how vega is the greek exposure that an options price has to this implied volatility level and finishes with describing structure of volatility and how it can be used to derive forward volatility.

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Equity Options Vega and Implied Volatility

13 mins 29 secs

Overview

When there is a significant event on the calendar, such as an election, the forward volatility that can be extracted from the term structure for a time span that captures the event is often elevated. This creates "kinks" in the volatility curve, which traders often buy or sell based on their expectations for the amount of volatility that the event would generate.

Key learning objectives:

  • Define Implied Volatility and how is it extracted from market option prices through Black-Scholes model

  • Describe Vega & term structure of volatility

  • Understand how to calculate weighted vega

  • Define Forward Volatility

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Summary

What is Implied Volatility?

Implied Volatility of an option is the market’s expectation of future realised volatility of the underlying equity up to a given maturity.

How do we use the Black-Scholes model to extract implied volatility from market option prices?

The Black-Scholes formula allows us to convert a fair option price, which is determined from the market by aggregating all buyers and sellers, into an annualised volatility which we call the implied volatility. We can 'imply' the volatility because the other inputs to the model are known and so the only unknown is the volatility which we can then solve for to arrive at our desired option fair value.

What is Vega & term structure of volatility?

Vega is the shift in option value caused by an increase in implied volatility of 1% or 1 vol point. You are Long Vega if you are long an option. As the implied volatility increases, the time value increases and the option gains in value.  If the implied volatility went down to zero, the option would lose all its time value and be only worth its intrinsic value (if it had any).

We can trade options of many different expiries. These different expiries or maturities do not have to be priced on the same implied volatility for any given asset. We can see that implied volatility has a term structure, similar to a yield curve in interest rates, when we plot vol on the y-axis and maturity on the X-axis. The shape of that term structure can vary depending on market conditions.

How do we calculate weighted vega?

Because of the way the variable of time appears in the BS model, we infer that the acceptable weighting factor to use is 1/sqrt(T), where T is maturity in years. It is also the market convention and accurately reflects how we observe volatility surface changes on a daily basis.

What is Forward Volatility?

It is the implied volatility for a specific period of time in the future between two points on the curve.

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Imran Lakha

Imran Lakha

Imran has been an equity derivatives trader for over 20 years and has run European equity index options trading desks for Merrill Lynch and Citibank. He also spent time as a macro portfolio manager at Bluecrest Capital. Currently, Imran runs his own training company specialising in teaching people how to trade options. This is: Options Insight - Traders That Teach, www.options-insight.com

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