30 years: Risk management & derivatives trading
Generally yield curves are built for a specific currency and for a specific issuer. In this video, Lindsey discusses LIBOR curves, the technical details behind building a curve and how this information applies to real curves.
Generally yield curves are built for a specific currency and for a specific issuer. In this video, Lindsey discusses LIBOR curves, the technical details behind building a curve and how this information applies to real curves.
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17 mins 20 secs
Yield curves are highly important in fixed income. They allow an investor to value bonds and other instruments in order to identify a potential mispricing. Building a yield curve requires an understanding of forward rates and future expectations.
Key learning objectives:
Identify the different types of yield curves
Understand the use of a yield curve
Recognise how to build a curve and its practical application
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Generally yield curves are built for a specific currency and for a specific issuer. In each case the curve is a set of rates or yields, by maturity, for a given currency and credit quality.
Examples would include:
Building and analysing these curves each day, or even more frequently, is key for those operating in the fixed income markets. They provide an insight into where the market is trading, how it is moving, and what market expectations are. They also help investors to spot bonds that may be mispriced – rich or cheap, relative to the curve. As we have already seen, bond prices depend on their coupons and maturities and so are not directly comparable. It is their yields that are comparable, and so yield curves are used to analyse investment opportunities.
One key to this process is another curve quality that is commonly built, which is the LIBOR curve. These are built from instruments which reference the LIBOR index rate. The LIBOR rate is a polled rate which is published daily and is based on asking a group of banks the rates at which they would be prepared to lend money to each other, for various maturities, from overnight and 1 week, through 1, 3 and 6 months, all the way up to 1 year.
When building curves, such as the bond curves or LIBOR curves we have just looked at, there are some technical details which mean we cannot just draw a line between all the yields and call that the yield curve. To do this is, at best, an intentional over-simplification, and at worst, a mistake that has caused millions of dollars of losses in the past.
Please reference the video for an in depth example of building a yield curve.
Going back to our real curves, a US treasury curve shows rates on 1mo, 3mo and 6mo Treasury bills, and then yields on 1yr through to 30yr bonds. The rates on bills were like the zero rates in the curve built in our example. The rates on bonds were more like the par yields we just built.
When we built the LIBOR curve we used deposits (Which are like the zero rates here), futures and FRAS (which are forward rate instruments) and swaps (which are like par yields). And now you see that we can convert between any one of these types of quotation, and any other, and so we can build a curve from any – or indeed all – of these instruments.
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