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Banking Essentials - Part I

This pathway will walk us through the basics of banks, starting with some of the different types and their main functions, then starting to look at the regulation faced by the banks, both before and after the Global Financial Crisis.

Greenwashing

Greenwashing is the act of distributing false information about something being more environmentally friendly than it actually is.

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Tackling the Cost of Living Crisis

In this video, Max discusses the cost-of-living crisis currently enveloping the UK. He examines its impact on households as well as the overall economy.

CSR and Sustainability in Financial Services

In the first video of this two-part video series, Elisa introduces us to sustainability. She begins by looking at the difference between sustainability and corporate social responsibility, two terms that can be easily confused.

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Funding Alternatives for SMFIs

Funding Alternatives for SMFIs

Ronan White

40 years: Capital markets and investor relations

In the previous video, Ronan introduces the need for lending institutions to embrace funding diversification. In this video, he outlines some of the options available to SMFIs, apart from traditional capital markets solutions. He then also explains the difficulty in raising capital and implications of IFRS 9 standard on SMFIs.

In the previous video, Ronan introduces the need for lending institutions to embrace funding diversification. In this video, he outlines some of the options available to SMFIs, apart from traditional capital markets solutions. He then also explains the difficulty in raising capital and implications of IFRS 9 standard on SMFIs.

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Funding Alternatives for SMFIs

14 mins 59 secs

Overview

There are now different alternative funding solutions available for smaller and medium-sized financial institutions (SMFIs). Traditional sources of alternate funding involved capital markets solutions, using their loan assets as collateral, to borrow in smaller amounts appropriate to their needs, using a repeatable ‘shelf or cell structure’ or by using special purpose entities for a specific funding project.

Key learning objectives:

  • Understand traditional capital markets funding sources such as covered bonds and securitisation

  • Outline the alternative funding options available to SMFIs

  • Understand the challenges in raising capital for SMFIs

  • Understand the implications of IFRS 9 on SMFIs with regards to expected credit loss

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Summary

What are traditional sources of alternative finance?

Covered Bonds: Issued by a financial institution where there is recourse by the investor(s) to a specific pool of loan assets that secures the bond. In the event of default by the Issuer (the financial institution) the investors have recourse to both the pool of assets and the Issuer itself. Covered bonds are suited to institutions that have their own investment grade ratings from a credit ratings agency (eg: Moody’s or S&P).

Securitisation: Loans are sold by their originator (lender) to a special purpose vehicle (SPV). This is known as a “true sale” securitisation. The SPV will issue debt securities to investors and use the sale proceeds from the issuance to fund its purchase of the loans. The principal and interest payments on the debt securities are funded by (and limited to the extent of) the cash flows (both capital and revenue) generated by the loans. The SPV’s obligations under the debt securities are typically secured by the loans and their cash flows. 

What alternative funding tools are available to smaller and medium sized lenders? 

  • Structured covered bonds 
  • Conditional pass-through covered bonds (CPT)
  • Retained securitisation and Term repurchase agreement (Repo) 
  • Bank to bank loan financings 
  • Forward flow agreements

What are the issues SMFIs face when raising capital?

SMFIs have limited ability to raise core equity capital directly or to issue hybrid capital instruments such as Additional Tier 1 or even Tier 2. Larger banks apart from an ability to raise equity or hybrid capital through benchmark sized transactions have also been able to avail of the option for releasing regulatory capital using ‘credit risk transfer’ techniques. 

Under this an entity reduces its risk assets for capital measurement purposes by transferring an element of the risk associated with a portfolio of loans to a third party. It is only a matter of time before a risk transfer solution is brought in a workable format to smaller and medium sized financial institutions too.

What is the impact of IFRS 9 standard on SMFIs?

Another area potentially impacting financial institutions’ capital is the accounting standard, International Financial Reporting Standard 9. This introduces, amongst others, the concept of expected credit losses, requiring banks to predict the future loss of all assets requiring higher charges against capital

Larger financial institutions can avail of tailored solutions devised to protect against the potential adverse capital consequences of IFRS 9 allowing them to transfer or sell assets to a third party. Will smaller and medium sized financial institutions be able to avail of such solutions too? 

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Ronan White

Ronan White

Ronan has over 30 years’ experience in senior management roles across the financial services sector in Ireland and the UK. His career spans treasury, capital markets, investor relations, corporate lending, corporate communications, marketing, and compliance. He currently works in Dublin with InCol Limited a mortgage sector, financial solutions business focusing on the UK, Irish and Benelux markets, and with its sister company, DFinitive Capital, a financial aggregator originating capital markets funding for the social and affordable housing sector in Ireland. Ronan serves as Non-executive Chairman of Moneycorp Technologies Limited (MTL), the Irish based regulated subsidiary of Moneycorp Group. MTL operates the group’s EU business. Prior to InCol and DFinitive Ronan worked with National Australia Bank in London and prior to that he was with Anglo Irish Bank (Dublin and London), the Woodchester Group (a consumer finance business owned by GE Capital and before that by Credit Lyonnais) (Dublin and London) and with Allied Irish Banks (Dublin). Ronan is a Fellow of Chartered Accountants Ireland having trained with KPMG where he specialised in reconstruction and insolvency assignments. He is a graduate of University College Dublin with a B. Comm. He holds the FT Non-Executive Director Diploma.

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