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This pathway will walk us through the basics of banks, starting with some of the different types and their main functions, then starting to look at the regulation faced by the banks, both before and after the Global Financial Crisis.

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Tackling the Cost of Living Crisis

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CSR and Sustainability in Financial Services

In the first video of this two-part video series, Elisa introduces us to sustainability. She begins by looking at the difference between sustainability and corporate social responsibility, two terms that can be easily confused.

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Banking Essentials - Part I

This pathway will walk us through the basics of banks, starting with some of the different types and their main functions, then starting to look at the regulation faced by the banks, both before and after the Global Financial Crisis.

Greenwashing

Greenwashing is the act of distributing false information about something being more environmentally friendly than it actually is.

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Tackling the Cost of Living Crisis

In this video, Max discusses the cost-of-living crisis currently enveloping the UK. He examines its impact on households as well as the overall economy.

CSR and Sustainability in Financial Services

In the first video of this two-part video series, Elisa introduces us to sustainability. She begins by looking at the difference between sustainability and corporate social responsibility, two terms that can be easily confused.

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Overview of MREL

Overview of MREL

Gilles Renaudiere

Corporate Advisor: BNP Paribas

In this video, Gilles explains why banks need bail-in debt, and outlined MREL, or Minimum Requirements for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities, which is the EU’s version of bail-in debt. 

In this video, Gilles explains why banks need bail-in debt, and outlined MREL, or Minimum Requirements for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities, which is the EU’s version of bail-in debt. 

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Overview of MREL

11 mins 56 secs

Key learning objectives:

  • Understand the concept of bail-in capital, specifically through the lens of MREL

  • Understand why bail-in capital is required, even with increased capital requirements

  • Outline how the MREL level is determined within banks and how this has evolved over time

Overview:

Bail-in debt emerged after the global financial crisis as a way to secure banks' financial stability in the event of a crisis. This tool, established through MREL (Minimum Requirement for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities) and TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity). MREL, or Minimum Requirement for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities, was introduced in the EU in 2014 to ensure an effective and credible application of the bail-in tool. It is applicable to all EU banks and is individually tailored based on factors such as size, business model, and risk profile. MREL targets are set by EU resolution authorities and are based on the bank's capital requirements and agreed resolution strategy. The LAA is equal to the capital requirement of the bank, and the recapitalisation amount is based on the bank's resolution strategy.

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Summary

Why is bail-in capital required, even with increased capital requirements?

Increased capital requirements aim to reduce the likelihood of bank failures, but they cannot guarantee it won't happen. In the event of a bank failure, bail-in capital can be used to recapitalise the bank, rather than relying on taxpayers or the government. This helps to maintain stability in the financial system and prevent losses to depositors and taxpayers. 

What is the bail-in tool, and what is MREL? 

The bail-in tool is a power that national authorities can use to handle failing banks without requiring a taxpayer bailout. The tool allows long-term wholesale debt issued by banks to be transformed into equity in a crisis to allow for recapitalisation without public sector support.

The EU introduced the bail-in tool via the BRRD in 2014 and established the Minimum Requirement for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities (MREL) to ensure an effective application of the bail-in tool. MREL is a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, tailored to banks based on their size, risk profile, and other factors.

How is a bank’s MREL target determined and how has it evolved over time? 

In BRRD I, MREL was originally expressed as a percentage of a bank's total liabilities and own funds and consisted of two ratios: a risk-weighted and a non-risk-weighted requirement, both of which consisted of the sum of a loss absorption amount and a recapitalisation amount. The loss absorption amount was equal to the capital requirement of the bank, while the recapitalisation amount was based on the bank's resolution strategy. 

BRRD 2 introduced changes to MREL calculation to make it more consistent with the TLAC standard. MREL is now calculated by reference to a risk-based ratio and a non-risk-based ratio, based on risk-weighted assets and leverage ratio exposure. BRRD II required G-SIBs to meet a minimum TLAC requirement of 16% risk-based ratio or 6% non-risk-based ratio, which rose to 18% and 6.75% respectively in 2022. Top tier banks with over €100bn assets must meet a 13.5% risk-based and 5% non-risk-based ratio. For other financial institutions, MREL is set by local resolution authorities using LAA and RCA.

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Gilles Renaudiere

Gilles Renaudiere

Gilles Renaudiere is a corporate adviser in BNP Paribas' Capital Products team, focusing on financial institutions and capital markets. His role is to advise banks and insurance companies on their optimal capital structure and prudential regulatory matters. He also advises them on instruments they issue such as hybrid instruments and TLAC and MREL debt. Prior to this he spent 8 years at UBS, where he worked in the capital Solutions and Debt Capital markets teams.

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