30 years: Financial markets trader
In this video, Abdulla explains discount factors as they specifically apply to money markets.
In this video, Abdulla explains discount factors as they specifically apply to money markets.
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3 mins 46 secs
The discount factor used to calculate the present value of a money market fund must take into account the accrual time of the fund. This discount factor is used specifically for the money market, where securities mature in less than one year (so the formula has no exponents).
Key learning objectives:
Knowing the PV formula for money markets and understanding the terms
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The money market, the market for short-term fixed-rate loans and deposits, deals with single periods of less than a year, so the TVM formula has no exponents:
PV = CF/(1 + r x days/base)
Days/base is referred to as the accrual. The two major money market conventions for calculating accruals are Actual over 365 and Actual over 360. Discount factors are used all the time for interest and yield calculations as well as the valuation of securities. The formula can be re-written and simplified to:
PV = CF/(1 + r x accrual)
-- or -- PV = CF x 1/(1 + r x accrual)
The term to the right of the multiplication sign is the discount factor and can be calculated separately. The present value of a cash flow receivable or payable in the future is the cash flow multiplied by the discount factor.
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